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ui.py
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU Library General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA # # See the COPYING file for license information. # # Copyright (c) 2007 Guillaume Chazarain <guichaz@gmail.com> # Allow printing with same syntax in Python 2/3 from __future__ import print_function import curses import errno import locale import math import optparse import os import select import signal import sys import time from iotop.data import find_uids, TaskStatsNetlink, ProcessList, Stats, sysctl_task_delayacct from iotop.data import ThreadInfo from iotop.version import VERSION from iotop import ioprio from iotop.ioprio import IoprioSetError # # Utility functions for the UI # UNITS = ['B', 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P', 'E'] def human_size(size): if size > 0: sign = '' elif size < 0: sign = '-' size = -size else: return '0.00 B' expo = int(math.log(size / 2, 2) / 10) return '%s%.2f %s' % (sign, (float(size) / (1 << (10 * expo))), UNITS[expo]) def format_size(options, bytes): if options.kilobytes: return '%.2f K' % (bytes / 1024.0) return human_size(bytes) def format_bandwidth(options, size, duration): return format_size(options, size and float(size) / duration) + '/s' def format_stats(options, process, duration): # Keep in sync with TaskStatsNetlink.members_offsets and # IOTopUI.get_data(self) def delay2percent(delay): # delay in ns, duration in s return '%.2f %%' % min(99.99, delay / (duration * 10000000.0)) if options.accumulated: stats = process.stats_accum display_format = lambda size, duration: format_size(options, size) duration = time.time() - process.stats_accum_timestamp else: stats = process.stats_delta display_format = lambda size, duration: format_bandwidth( options, size, duration) io_delay = delay2percent(stats.blkio_delay_total) swapin_delay = delay2percent(stats.swapin_delay_total) read_bytes = display_format(stats.read_bytes, duration) written_bytes = stats.write_bytes - stats.cancelled_write_bytes written_bytes = max(0, written_bytes) write_bytes = display_format(written_bytes, duration) return io_delay, swapin_delay, read_bytes, write_bytes def get_max_pid_width(): try: return len(open('/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max').read().strip()) except Exception as e: print(e) # Reasonable default in case something fails return 5 MAX_PID_WIDTH = get_max_pid_width() # # UI Exceptions # class CancelInput(Exception): pass class InvalidInt(Exception): pass class InvalidPid(Exception): pass class InvalidTid(Exception): pass class InvalidIoprioData(Exception): pass # # The UI # class IOTopUI(object): # key, reverse sorting_keys = [ (lambda p, s: p.pid, False), (lambda p, s: p.ioprio_sort_key(), False), (lambda p, s: p.get_user(), False), (lambda p, s: s.read_bytes, True), (lambda p, s: s.write_bytes - s.cancelled_write_bytes, True), (lambda p, s: s.swapin_delay_total, True), # The default sorting (by I/O % time) should show processes doing # only writes, without waiting on them (lambda p, s: s.blkio_delay_total or int(not(not(s.read_bytes or s.write_bytes))), True), (lambda p, s: p.get_cmdline(), False), ] def __init__(self, win, process_list, options): self.process_list = process_list self.options = options self.sorting_key = 6 self.sorting_reverse = IOTopUI.sorting_keys[self.sorting_key][1] if not self.options.batch: self.win = win self.resize() try: curses.use_default_colors() curses.start_color() curses.curs_set(0) except curses.error: # This call can fail with misconfigured terminals, for example # TERM=xterm-color. This is harmless pass def resize(self): self.height, self.width = self.win.getmaxyx() def run(self): iterations = 0 poll = select.poll() if not self.options.batch: poll.register(sys.stdin.fileno(), select.POLLIN|select.POLLPRI) while self.options.iterations is None or \ iterations < self.options.iterations: total, actual = self.process_list.refresh_processes() self.refresh_display(iterations == 0, total, actual, self.process_list.duration) if self.options.iterations is not None: iterations += 1 if iterations >= self.options.iterations: break elif iterations == 0: iterations = 1 try: events = poll.poll(self.options.delay_seconds * 1000.0) except select.error as e: if e.args and e.args[0] == errno.EINTR: events = [] else: raise for (fd, event) in events: if event & (select.POLLERR | select.POLLHUP): sys.exit(1) if not self.options.batch: self.resize() if events: key = self.win.getch() self.handle_key(key) def reverse_sorting(self): self.sorting_reverse = not self.sorting_reverse def adjust_sorting_key(self, delta): orig_sorting_key = self.sorting_key self.sorting_key += delta self.sorting_key = max(0, self.sorting_key) self.sorting_key = min(len(IOTopUI.sorting_keys) - 1, self.sorting_key) if not self.has_swapin_io: if self.sorting_key in (5, 6): if delta <= 0: self.sorting_key = 4 elif delta > 0: self.sorting_key = 7 if orig_sorting_key != self.sorting_key: self.sorting_reverse = IOTopUI.sorting_keys[self.sorting_key][1] # I wonder if switching to urwid for the display would be better here def prompt_str(self, prompt, default=None, empty_is_cancel=True): self.win.hline(1, 0, ord(' ') | curses.A_NORMAL, self.width) self.win.addstr(1, 0, prompt, curses.A_BOLD) self.win.refresh() curses.echo() curses.curs_set(1) inp = self.win.getstr(1, len(prompt)) curses.curs_set(0) curses.noecho() if inp not in (None, ''): return inp if empty_is_cancel: raise CancelInput() return default def prompt_int(self, prompt, default = None, empty_is_cancel = True): inp = self.prompt_str(prompt, default, empty_is_cancel) try: return int(inp) except ValueError: raise InvalidInt() def prompt_pid(self): try: return self.prompt_int('PID to ionice: ') except InvalidInt: raise InvalidPid() except CancelInput: raise def prompt_tid(self): try: return self.prompt_int('TID to ionice: ') except InvalidInt: raise InvalidTid() except CancelInput: raise def prompt_data(self, ioprio_data): try: if ioprio_data is not None: inp = self.prompt_int('I/O priority data (0-7, currently %s): ' % ioprio_data, ioprio_data, False) else: inp = self.prompt_int('I/O priority data (0-7): ', None, False) except InvalidInt: raise InvalidIoprioData() if inp < 0 or inp > 7: raise InvalidIoprioData() return inp def prompt_set(self, prompt, display_list, ret_list, selected): try: selected = ret_list.index(selected) except ValueError: selected = -1 set_len = len(display_list) - 1 while True: self.win.hline(1, 0, ord(' ') | curses.A_NORMAL, self.width) self.win.insstr(1, 0, prompt, curses.A_BOLD) offset = len(prompt) for i, item in enumerate(display_list): display = ' %s ' % item if i is selected: attr = curses.A_REVERSE else: attr = curses.A_NORMAL self.win.insstr(1, offset, display, attr) offset += len(display) while True: key = self.win.getch() if key in (curses.KEY_LEFT, ord('l')) and selected > 0: selected -= 1 break elif key in (curses.KEY_RIGHT, ord('r')) and selected < set_len: selected += 1 break elif key in (curses.KEY_ENTER, ord('\n'), ord('\r')): return ret_list[selected] elif key in (27, curses.KEY_CANCEL, curses.KEY_CLOSE, curses.KEY_EXIT, ord('q'), ord('Q')): raise CancelInput() def prompt_class(self, ioprio_class=None): prompt = 'I/O priority class: ' classes_prompt = ['Real-time', 'Best-effort', 'Idle'] classes_ret = ['rt', 'be', 'idle'] if ioprio_class is None: ioprio_class = 2 inp = self.prompt_set(prompt, classes_prompt, classes_ret, ioprio_class) return inp def prompt_error(self, error = 'Error!'): self.win.hline(1, 0, ord(' ') | curses.A_NORMAL, self.width) self.win.insstr(1, 0, ' %s ' % error, curses.A_REVERSE) self.win.refresh() time.sleep(1) def prompt_clear(self): self.win.hline(1, 0, ord(' ') | curses.A_NORMAL, self.width) self.win.refresh() def handle_key(self, key): def toggle_accumulated(): self.options.accumulated ^= True def toggle_only_io(): self.options.only ^= True def toggle_processes(): self.options.processes ^= True self.process_list.clear() self.process_list.refresh_processes() def ionice(): try: if self.options.processes: pid = self.prompt_pid() exec_unit = self.process_list.get_process(pid) else: tid = self.prompt_tid() exec_unit = ThreadInfo(tid, self.process_list.taskstats_connection) ioprio_value = exec_unit.get_ioprio() (ioprio_class, ioprio_data) = \ ioprio.to_class_and_data(ioprio_value) ioprio_class = self.prompt_class(ioprio_class) if ioprio_class == 'idle': ioprio_data = 0 else: ioprio_data = self.prompt_data(ioprio_data) exec_unit.set_ioprio(ioprio_class, ioprio_data) self.process_list.clear() self.process_list.refresh_processes() except IoprioSetError as e: self.prompt_error('Error setting I/O priority: %s' % e.err) except InvalidPid: self.prompt_error('Invalid process id!') except InvalidTid: self.prompt_error('Invalid thread id!') except InvalidIoprioData: self.prompt_error('Invalid I/O priority data!') except InvalidInt: self.prompt_error('Invalid integer!') except CancelInput: self.prompt_clear() else: self.prompt_clear() key_bindings = { ord('q'): lambda: sys.exit(0), ord('Q'): lambda: sys.exit(0), ord('r'): lambda: self.reverse_sorting(), ord('R'): lambda: self.reverse_sorting(), ord('a'): toggle_accumulated, ord('A'): toggle_accumulated, ord('o'): toggle_only_io, ord('O'): toggle_only_io, ord('p'): toggle_processes, ord('P'): toggle_processes, ord('i'): ionice, ord('I'): ionice, curses.KEY_LEFT: lambda: self.adjust_sorting_key(-1), curses.KEY_RIGHT: lambda: self.adjust_sorting_key(1), curses.KEY_HOME: lambda: self.adjust_sorting_key(-len(IOTopUI.sorting_keys)), curses.KEY_END: lambda: self.adjust_sorting_key(len(IOTopUI.sorting_keys)) } action = key_bindings.get(key, lambda: None) action() def get_data(self): def format(p): stats = format_stats(self.options, p, self.process_list.duration) io_delay, swapin_delay, read_bytes, write_bytes = stats format = '%%%dd' % MAX_PID_WIDTH params = p.pid, format += ' %4s' params += p.get_ioprio(), format += ' %-8s' params += p.get_user()[:8], format += ' %11s %11s' params += read_bytes, write_bytes if self.has_swapin_io: format += ' %7s %7s' params += swapin_delay, io_delay elif self.options.batch: format += ' %s ' params += '?unavailable?', format += ' ' line = format % (params) cmdline = p.get_cmdline() if not self.options.batch: remaining_length = self.width - len(line) if 2 < remaining_length < len(cmdline): len1 = (remaining_length - 1) // 2 offset2 = -(remaining_length - len1 - 1) cmdline = cmdline[:len1] + '~' + cmdline[offset2:] line += cmdline if not self.options.batch: line = line[:self.width] return line def should_format(p): return not self.options.only or \ p.did_some_io(self.options.accumulated) processes = list(filter(should_format, self.process_list.processes.values())) key = IOTopUI.sorting_keys[self.sorting_key][0] if self.options.accumulated: stats_lambda = lambda p: p.stats_accum else: stats_lambda = lambda p: p.stats_delta processes.sort(key=lambda p: key(p, stats_lambda(p)), reverse=self.sorting_reverse) if not self.options.batch: del processes[self.height - 2:] return list(map(format, processes)) def refresh_display(self, first_time, total, actual, duration): summary = [ 'Total DISK READ : %s | Total DISK WRITE : %s' % ( format_bandwidth(self.options, total[0], duration).rjust(14), format_bandwidth(self.options, total[1], duration).rjust(14)), 'Actual DISK READ: %s | Actual DISK WRITE: %s' % ( format_bandwidth(self.options, actual[0], duration).rjust(14), format_bandwidth(self.options, actual[1], duration).rjust(14)) ] pid = max(0, (MAX_PID_WIDTH - 3)) * ' ' if self.options.processes: pid += 'PID' else: pid += 'TID' titles = [pid, ' PRIO', ' USER', ' DISK READ', ' DISK WRITE', ' SWAPIN', ' IO', ' COMMAND'] self.has_swapin_io = Stats.has_blkio_delay_total if self.has_swapin_io: # Linux kernels without the sysctl return None and # iotop just uses the heuristic for those versions. # Linux kernels with the sysctl return True or False # and iotop then uses the sysctl value instead. if sysctl_task_delayacct() == False: self.has_swapin_io = False self.adjust_sorting_key(0) lines = self.get_data() if self.options.time: titles = [' TIME'] + titles current_time = time.strftime('%H:%M:%S ') lines = [current_time + l for l in lines] summary = [current_time + s for s in summary] if self.options.batch: if self.options.quiet <= 2: for s in summary: print(s) if self.options.quiet <= int(first_time): print(''.join(titles)) for l in lines: print(l.encode('utf-8')) sys.stdout.flush() else: self.win.erase() for i, s in enumerate(summary): self.win.addstr(i, 0, s[:self.width]) self.win.hline(len(summary), 0, ord(' ') | curses.A_REVERSE, self.width) remaining_cols = self.width for i in range(len(titles)): if not self.has_swapin_io and i in (5, 6): continue attr = curses.A_REVERSE title = titles[i] if i == self.sorting_key: title = title[1:] if i == self.sorting_key: attr |= curses.A_BOLD title += self.sorting_reverse and '>' or '<' title = title[:remaining_cols] remaining_cols -= len(title) self.win.addstr(title, attr) if self.has_swapin_io is not False: status_msg = None else: status_msg = ('CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT ' 'and kernel.task_delayacct sysctl ' 'not enabled in kernel, ' 'cannot determine SWAPIN and IO %') num_lines = min(len(lines), self.height - 2 - int(bool(status_msg))) for i in range(num_lines): try: def print_line(line): self.win.addstr(i + len(summary) + 1, 0, line) try: print_line(lines[i]) except UnicodeEncodeError: # Python2: 'ascii' codec can't encode character ... # http://bugs.debian.org/708252 print_line(lines[i].encode('utf-8')) except curses.error: pass if status_msg: self.win.insstr(self.height - len(summary), 0, status_msg, curses.A_BOLD) self.win.refresh() def run_iotop_window(win, options): if options.batch: signal.signal(signal.SIGPIPE, signal.SIG_DFL) else: def clean_exit(*args, **kwargs): sys.exit(0) signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, clean_exit) signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, clean_exit) taskstats_connection = TaskStatsNetlink(options) process_list = ProcessList(taskstats_connection, options) ui = IOTopUI(win, process_list, options) ui.run() def run_iotop(options): try: if options.batch: return run_iotop_window(None, options) else: return curses.wrapper(run_iotop_window, options) except OSError as e: if e.errno == errno.EPERM: print(e, file=sys.stderr) print(''' The Linux kernel interfaces that iotop relies on now require root priviliges or the NET_ADMIN capability. This change occured because a security issue (CVE-2011-2494) was found that allows leakage of sensitive data across user boundaries. If you require the ability to run iotop as a non-root user, please configure sudo to allow you to run iotop as root. Please do not file bugs on iotop about this.''', file=sys.stderr) sys.exit(1) else: raise except curses.error as e: stre = str(e) if stre.find('ERR')>=0 and ( stre.find('nocbreak()')>=0 or stre.find('endwin()')>=0 ): pass # endwin and nocbreak can cause error (and raise hard to catch # exception) if iotop was running in the terminal and that # terminal got closed while iotop was still running else: raise # # Profiling # def _profile(continuation): prof_file = 'iotop.prof' try: import cProfile import pstats print('Profiling using cProfile') cProfile.runctx('continuation()', globals(), locals(), prof_file) stats = pstats.Stats(prof_file) except ImportError: import hotshot import hotshot.stats prof = hotshot.Profile(prof_file, lineevents=1) print('Profiling using hotshot') prof.runcall(continuation) prof.close() stats = hotshot.stats.load(prof_file) stats.strip_dirs() stats.sort_stats('time', 'calls') stats.print_stats(50) stats.print_callees(50) os.remove(prof_file) # # Main program # USAGE = '''%s [OPTIONS] DISK READ and DISK WRITE are the block I/O bandwidth used during the sampling period. SWAPIN and IO are the percentages of time the thread spent respectively while swapping in and waiting on I/O more generally. PRIO is the I/O priority at which the thread is running (set using the ionice command). Controls: left and right arrows to change the sorting column, r to invert the sorting order, o to toggle the --only option, p to toggle the --processes option, a to toggle the --accumulated option, i to change I/O priority, q to quit, any other key to force a refresh.''' % sys.argv[0] def main(): try: locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '') except locale.Error: print('unable to set locale, falling back to the default locale') parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage=USAGE, version='iotop ' + VERSION) parser.add_option('-o', '--only', action='store_true', dest='only', default=False, help='only show processes or threads actually doing I/O') parser.add_option('-b', '--batch', action='store_true', dest='batch', help='non-interactive mode') parser.add_option('-n', '--iter', type='int', dest='iterations', metavar='NUM', help='number of iterations before ending [infinite]') parser.add_option('-d', '--delay', type='float', dest='delay_seconds', help='delay between iterations [1 second]', metavar='SEC', default=1) parser.add_option('-p', '--pid', type='int', dest='pids', action='append', help='processes/threads to monitor [all]', metavar='PID') parser.add_option('-u', '--user', type='str', dest='users', action='append', help='users to monitor [all]', metavar='USER') parser.add_option('-P', '--processes', action='store_true', dest='processes', default=False, help='only show processes, not all threads') parser.add_option('-a', '--accumulated', action='store_true', dest='accumulated', default=False, help='show accumulated I/O instead of bandwidth') parser.add_option('-k', '--kilobytes', action='store_true', dest='kilobytes', default=False, help='use kilobytes instead of a human friendly unit') parser.add_option('-t', '--time', action='store_true', dest='time', help='add a timestamp on each line (implies --batch)') parser.add_option('-q', '--quiet', action='count', dest='quiet', default=0, help='suppress some lines of header (implies --batch)') parser.add_option('--profile', action='store_true', dest='profile', default=False, help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP) options, args = parser.parse_args() if args: parser.error('Unexpected arguments: ' + ' '.join(args)) find_uids(options) options.pids = options.pids or [] options.batch = options.batch or options.time or options.quiet main_loop = lambda: run_iotop(options) if options.profile: def safe_main_loop(): try: main_loop() except: pass _profile(safe_main_loop) else: main_loop()
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